Bob Ray

A 65-year-old retired accountant presents to your GP clinic with a 6-month history of progressive shortness of breath, orthopnea, and ankle swelling. Take a full history, examine clinically, and formulate a management plan.

1. 1Take a comprehensive history including presenting complaint, associated symptoms, and differentials
2. 2Explore past medical history, drug history, social history, and family history
3. 3Provide a working diagnosis with explanation
4. 4Recommend appropriate lifestyle modifications
5. 5Initiate pharmacological management
6. 6Arrange appropriate referral and follow-up